Friday, 20 March 2020

Keep Calm ... Do Intensive Interaction ... but minimise the risks of Covid-19 transmission.

Following on from my Blog last week ('Keep Calm ... and Do Intensive Interaction ... but wash your hands') on implementing NHS guidelines on minimising the risk of Covid-19 transmission (please see https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/ for the latest Dept of Health advice), things have now moved on significantly in terms of the trajectory of the virus' infection rates. 

We now need to do everything we can to protect our most vulnerable people, ourselves and our families, and also our hard-pressed colleagues continuing their vital work within our health and care services; increasingly also for families, with the closure of so many schools and adult day services.

These are certainly unprecedented times, and the UK Government is telling us that:

Everyone should do what they can to stop the coronavirus spreading. It is particularly important for people over 70, those with long-term health conditions, those who are pregnant, and anyone with a weakened immune system. Those people most 'at risk' include many of our service users and family members e.g. people with profound and multiple disabilities, and those who have additional health conditions which may make them more susceptible to the effects of the Covid-19 virus, should they contract it

So the UK Government is telling us - Stay at home if you have coronavirus symptoms: if you have either a high temperature (i.e. you feel hot to touch on your chest or back) or a new, continuous cough, which means coughing for a lot for more than an hour, or 3 or more coughing episodes in 24 hours (if you usually have a cough, it may be worse than usual).

It is also recommended that you should self-isolate if you have been in recent contact with someone who has the virus, or is showing the Covid-19 symptoms (as described above), or if you have recently travelled to or from any high risk locations. 

Everyone’s first priority now has to be the safety of all others, especially the most vulnerable members of our communities ... so the principle should be ‘if in doubt, stay away’.

If you are showing the symptoms the UK Government advice is: do not go to a GP surgery, pharmacy or hospital - instead use the local NHS 111 online coronavirus service (at: https://111.nhs.uk/covid-19/) to find out what to do in your local area.

Also we all need to:
  • wash your hands with soap and water often – do this for at least 20 seconds
  • always wash your hands when you get home or into work
  • use hand sanitiser gel if soap and water are not available
  • cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when you cough or sneeze
  • put used tissues in the bin immediately and wash your hands afterwards
  • avoid close contact with people who have symptoms of coronavirus
  • only travel on public transport if you need to - work from home, if you can
  • avoid social activities, such as going to pubs, restaurants, theatres and cinemas and avoid events with large groups of people
  • use phone, online services, or apps to contact your GP surgery or other NHS services
... and:
  • do not touch your eyes, nose or mouth if your hands are not clean
  • do not have visitors to your home, including friends and family
But yes, even though these are unprecedented times: 'Lets keep calm and carry on ... and continue to do Intensive Interaction'

Our service users and family members will still need positive and proactive social interactivity to maintain their social and psychological well-being; just as they did a few weeks ago, before this crisis started. Perhaps they will seek it and need it even more so during these times of unprecedented change to many familiar routines, and the increased anxiety now evident in much of our general behaviour. But we will also still need to do Intensive Interaction because that is in our nature; we are just those kinds of people. 

But let's make sure that we follow all the necessary steps to minimise the risk of a potentially fatal viral transmission to many of our most vulnerable people. 

Many of those we care for will not be aware of, or understand the need for increased infection control measures, but they will still need and expect some form of responsive Intensive Interaction engagement. Also many of those people who benefit from Intensive Interaction may not understand the wider societal implications of the Covid-19 crisis, but many do have the emotional awareness that means they are especially well attuned to the emotion state of those around them; we can’t take away the anxiety that we are all currently feeling, but we can take steps to manage it as best we can. The more contained we as practitioners can be, the more we can promote calmness in those we’re interacting with.

Also, during this current crisis it may be necessary to find ways to adapt our strategies for social engagement, avoiding when and where we can, or at least minimising all unnecessary physical contacts or close physical proximity (although for many this will still be required to meet their functional care needs). Instead it may be necessary to use Intensive Interaction strategies that can be enacted with more social distance e.g.: vocal echoing or exchanges of vocal/verbal sequences; using vocal or verbal commentaries on a person's actions (or the actions of others in a shared environment); using more, or more kinds of behavioural mirroring, including developing increased turn-taking in various non-physical contact forms; finding more ways of exchanging eye contact and mirrored facial signalling; using more forms of joint focus activity that can be more safely enacted with some level of social distancing. 

It will be the responsibility of all our practitioners and their managers to discuss and agree the best ways to make any such adaptations to their normal and individualised social engagement repertoires for those people they support and care for. This may not always be easy, but in many cases it may well become absolutely necessary.

Please do everything you can to keep yourself, and all those you care for safe and well!

p.s. On my Blog next week I will be summarising a very recent Lancet paper on 'The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: a rapid review of the evidence' by Dr Samantha Brooks et al, of the Dept of Psychological Medicine at Kings College London.

p.p.s. You can also see a message of support to all our Intensive Interaction community from Dr Dave Hewett OBE (Intensive Interaction Institute director) on his Facebook page at:  https://www.facebook.com/dave.hewett.71/videos/10156817864551123/ .  

Thursday, 12 March 2020

Keep Calm ... and Do Intensive Interaction ... but wash your hands!

What with everything going on at the moment that is so negative and scary ... for my Blog this week I just thought I would recirculate this 'Keep Calm ... and Do Intensive Interaction' sign that was doing the rounds a few years ago. So yes, lets keep calm and continue to do Intensive Interaction ... but obviously making sure to wash our hands and follow all the necessary NHS guidelines on minimising the risk of transmission to our more vulnerable people (see: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/).  

No photo description available.

p.s I have forgotten who first got this sign done and circulated it ... but many, many thanks to you!

Friday, 6 March 2020

'Intensive Interaction in Dementia': some useful links

At our most recent Leeds Intensive Interaction Regional Support Group meeting (see my Blog of 25/03/19 about Regional Support Groups), I asked which issues attendees would like to discuss at out next meeting. One person asked if we could discuss 'Intensive Interaction and Dementia'. 

So, in the spirit of community action that defines our Intensive Interaction group members, one of our members (Specialist Speech and Language Therapist Lynnette Menzies) then very kindly sent me a list of links about this very issue i.e. 'Intensive Interaction in Dementia' and about 'Adaptive Interaction' (see my Blog of 27/11/17 about Adaptive Interaction and its relationship to Intensive Interaction. This Blog also acknowledges the Intensive Interaction work of Charly Harris and Dr Emma Wolverson published in the Journal of Dementia Care).

There is some really interesting and useful stuff here, and we plan to revisit this same issue at an upcoming RSG group meeting.

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0180395 - a full paper: 'Communicating with people living with dementia who are nonverbal: The creation of Adaptive Interaction' published on the PLOS|One online research journal.

https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-28/december-2015/giving-voice-people-advanced-dementia - 'Giving a voice to people with advanced dementia' by Amanda Henwood & Maggie Ellis published in 'The Psychologist' magazine.

https://www.scie.org.uk/dementia/advanced-dementia-and-end-of-life-care/advanced-dementia/communication.asp - a piece on 'Communication in advanced dementia' on the website of  the Social Care Institute for Excellence.

https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/stories/2019/dementia/ - 'Living a good life with dementia: 
New methods of communicating with and entertaining people living with dementia' a piece from St Andrews (if you scroll down you can access a number of useful YouTube clips).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ho4b89H-VM - a long YouTube piece including Maggie Ellis giving a lecture on 'How dementia helps us to better understand our common humanity'.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wlHAIJmfKg -  a radio interview with Dr Maggie Ellis on 'Adaptive Interaction'.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6JmzNEQZjk - a short STV report on 'Reaching people with severe dementia: Adaptive Interaction in action'.

I would also like to point people to the 'Intensive Interaction in Dementia' Facebook Group available at https://www.facebook.com/groups/1142169855812944/ - which has some truly brilliant stuff on there - including some extremely powerful and highly instructive video posted by Rachel Woodhouse. I implore you to join and contribute to this group if this is an area that is of personal or professional interest to you. 

So thanks so much Lynnette, and please feel free to comment on any personal experiences you have had using Intensive Interaction with people with dementia - I think that this a profoundly under researched area where the power of Intensive Interaction/Adaptive Interaction is, as yet, vastly under realized. 

Thursday, 27 February 2020

Intensive Interaction at the High Hopes Pediatric Centre in Dubai

I know that this a is a bit late in coming (sorry about that Lynne, Aida and the therapy team; I've been a bit busy), but I would just like to acknowledge the very warm welcome I had at the High Hopes Pediatric Therapy Centre in Dubai at the end of 2019. 

So Dubai can now be added to the long list of countries (or states ... or emirates?) where Intensive Interaction is now practiced! Surely we must be nearing a critical mass where we should get some acknowledgment at the United Nations General Assembly (we really should ... and I don't mean that as a joke!).

I was invited to Dubai by Lynne Jafar (founder of High Hopes and mum to Lulu) who I met at the 2019 CDKL5 family conference in Edinburgh (see my Blog of 05/07/19). Attending one of my workshops at this CDKL5 conference, Lynne immediately saw the value and power of Intensive Interaction, particularly so for her daughter Lulu. So I was invited to introduce the approach to her multinational therapy team at High Hopes (Hi to Viviane, Emma, Kunali, Priscilla, Jonathan, and Lindsey - pictured below). 

We spent a very productive 4 days together, and I had the great pleasure of meeting and interacting with a number of the children who regularly attend High Hopes; often with their parents also in attendance. So I was able to talk about the approach, and the kinds of social communication and developmental outcomes that we would expect to see through the sustained use of Intensive Interaction. I also got to give open 'Q & A' type sessions for both parents and other Dubai based professionals; with about 12 from each group attending who were keenly interested to hear more about Intensive Interaction

 




















So thanks again to Lynne and Aida (pictured above on the right). It always takes someone to be the enthusiastic and dynamic 'change agent'; the person who is the first to introduce Intensive Interaction to a new place, a new service, or even a new country. I feel that High Hopes can be just that ... it can act as a positive catalyst for the future development of Intensive Interaction across Dubai. It can genuinely bring 'high hopes' to many other parents and family members in Dubai to interactively attune and connect with their children with special needs ... so many thanks and congratulations for starting that process.

Oh, and the Dubai weather was fantastic (almost as warm as the welcome), and the local architecture was out of this world (almost literally). 

Wednesday, 19 February 2020

Non-medical interventions for individuals with Rett syndrome: A systematic review

For my Blog this week I am reporting on a review I recently read on the use of 'non-medical interventions' with girls with Rett syndrome (or RTT); a rare neuro-developmental disorder occurring in about one in every 10,000 girls. Perhaps unsurprisingly it is titled:

'Non-medical interventions for individuals with Rett syndrome: A systematic review' by Annika Amoako & Dougal Hare (Nov, 2019) Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, DOI: 10.1111/jar.12694.

From the abstract: research into Rett syndrome was identified as including various medical interventions, but non-medical interventions were found to be 'relatively under-researched' (no surprises there then!). The authors of this paper therefore conducted a systematic search for peer-reviewed papers investigating the use of any such non-medical interventions for girls with Rett syndrome. 

13 studies were reviewed and the interventions were generally described as being primarily 'communication interventions' with these interventions including: 'music, assistive technology, augmentative and alternative communication strategies, attentional training and cognitive rehabilitation training'

The findings of the paper were that: 'all studies reported positive outcomes across communication, quality of life, brain stem activity, physical fitness and a reduction in stereotyped behaviour'. However the review highlighted a 'paucity of high-quality research'  in this non-medical area. 

... but interestingly, the paper finishes with this final, highly referenced paragraph:

'The early focus on parental involvement in interventions has diminished over the years, with increased focus on utilizing recent advanced software. Given most children reside in the family home, a broader research focus is required to incorporate the impact of family and interaction interventions as opposed to solely software-led assistive technology. Future research should investigate interventions that have been researched within the remit of intellectual disabilities to investigate its utility in the RTT population. For example, there is a growing evidence base of the use of Intensive Interaction in individuals with severe and profound intellectual disabilities. Research has reported on improved pre-verbal communication skills, maintenance of social engagement and relationships after an Intensive Interaction intervention (Anderson, 2006; Argyropoulou & Papoudi, 2012; Firth, Elford, Leeming, & Crabbe, 2008; Kellett, 2000, 2005; Samuel, Nind, Volans, & Scriven, 2008; Watson & Knight, 1991; Zeedyk, Caldwell, & Davies, 2009; Zeedyk, Davies, Parry, & Caldwell, 2009).'

And of course, I agree. I am not saying that 'software-led assistive technology' will not have an important part to play in helping such children, but given that most children do 'reside in the family home' surely any improvement in 'pre-verbal communication skills, maintenance of social engagement and relationships' is vitally and profoundly important in developing improved 'quality of life', for the children with Rett syndrome, and also their families as well! 

Wednesday, 12 February 2020

A dedicated ‘Reference Guide to Publications’ page on II Institute website

For my Blog this week I wish to draw your attention to a fantastic new page on the Intensive Interaction Institute’s official www.intensiveinteraction.org website. 

There is now a dedicated ‘Reference Guide to Publications’ page with over 40 listed Intensive Interaction journal articles and research papers (each with a full reference; Harvard style if my failing memory services me right) that includes: 
  • a quite detailed abstract or summary of each paper’s contents.
  • a link to the journal site where you can gain access to the whole paper (sometimes free, mainly not).
  • and a Bib-Tex (which I’m not sure what that does, but it looks absolutely tremendous). 

I think this page will be really useful to all those who are keen students of our approach, and it will make it much easier for those students who need easy access to the relevant Intensive Interaction literature for assignments, projects or theses on Intensive Interaction.



This research page has been made possible by the dedicated work of Katherine Shearer and Ian Harris – we need to thank them so much for this fantastic new resource.

p.s. if there are any further papers that you know of that aren't as yet included, please feel free to alert us to this - there is an email link at the bottom of the page, or you can email details to me at: graham.firth@nhs.net

Thursday, 6 February 2020

Wired for Communication and how the neuroscience of infancy helps in understanding the behaviours of Intensive Interaction

For my blog this week I am once again summarising a really interesting chapter from the book 'Intensive Interaction Theoretical Perspectives' (Ed: Hewett, D. 2011) that I have been rereading recently. This time it is a chapter by Dr Suzanne Zeedyk: Wired for Communication and how the neuroscience of infancy helps in understanding the behaviours of Intensive Interaction.

According to Dr Zeedyk ‘the psychological and neurological sciences have, over the past several decades, revealed two key insights about human development. These are that infants come into the world already connected to other people, and that the pathways in their brains are literally moulded by the responses they receive from those around them’. 

These findings ‘go a long way towards explaining why Intensive Interaction, and other interactive approaches like it, are effective in nurturing the communicative abilities of individuals struggling to engage with others’, and pointing to an infant's innate communicative behaviours, she states that ‘... a neonate’s ability to imitate is an ‘emotional process’ and ‘imitative exchanges are not acts of copying, but moments of sharing’.


Brain development 

The brain grows ‘more rapidly between conception and 3 years that it ever will again’ and ‘is shaped by the experiences that infants have of the world around them, especially social experiences’. Dr Zeedyk then goes on to explain that there are 3 main stages in brain development, firstly 0-3 years, which is the period of most rapid development, next 5-12 years, when the development ‘shifts to strengthening further the existing connections, a process known as myelination’ and finally during adolescence, when ‘the brain has one last burst of synapse creation ... while sharply increasing its rate of pruning synapses,’ those synapses that ‘are never used, are sloughed off’.

According to Dr Zeedyk though, ‘... play is crucial to neural generation. It needs to be free play: active, unstructured, dynamic, relaxed’.

Intensive Interaction 

Dr Zeedyk states that the scientific knowledge of neural development ‘enrich our understanding of why Intensive Interaction works’. She goes on to list the reach of the approach across many different client groups and states that the approach ‘transcends any specific disorder and taps into deeper qualities that are central to our experiences, as persons relating to other persons’. She goes on to state that that the ‘match’ of body movements within Intensive Interaction exchanges sub-consciously ‘generates trust, intimacy, spontaneously and a sense of safety’ and this ‘process is so fundamental that it applies across all age groups and all diagnostic categories’.

Dr Zeedyk also claims that one way to explain the effectiveness of Intensive Interaction is to see it as tapping into the mirror neuron systems as discovered by Rizzollatti’s Italian research team. Mirror neurons ‘fire both when a person has an experience or observes a similar experience occurring in another person', therefore Intensive Interaction can create ‘a context in which existing capacities can flourish’.

Conceptual rethink: ‘The nature of autism: does Intensive Interaction point towards a richer understanding?’ 

Due to the positive outcomes of Intensive Interaction for people with autism i.e. being able to ‘look at their partner’s face, anticipate their response, laugh, tease and take joy in their partners engagement’ Dr Zeedyk suggests ‘the need for an alternative explanation of autism’. She points to Caldwell’s (2006) ‘sensory account of autism’, where hypo and hypersensitivities are problematic for people with autism, and where an environmental change can reduce distress and allow social and communicative capacities to be demonstrated.

Early diagnosis of developmental delay: how important is it?

Finally Dr Zeedyk states that early diagnosis of developmental delay is ‘incredibly important’, and that due to the scientific understanding of brain development it is possible that ‘we may be unintentionally exacerbating autistic tendencies and learning difficulties’. 

She believes that with very early diagnosis ‘we have a chance to change children’s life courses for the better, to alter their very biology and brain structure’... and that ‘Intensive Interaction lets us, if we let it, begin to really understand the transformative power of emotional connection’.

Powerful thoughts and words indeed!

For my blog today I am abridging a recent British Medical Journal 'Opinion' piece (14/01/21) People with an intellectual disability...